高中语法专练：ix. 不定式结构与从句的转换

ix. 不定式结构与从句的转换

1. 不定式作宾语相当于that引导的宾语从句。

I hope to be able to come on time next week.

=I hope that I'll be able to come on time next week.

我希望下周准时到。

I consider him to be very trustworthy .

=I consider that he is very trustworthy .

我认为他很可靠。

We thought it wrong to punish him .

=we thought it wrong that he should be punished .

我们认为他被惩罚（惩罚他）是错的。

I expect to have read this book by next Tuesday.

=I expect that I'll have read this book by next Tuesday.

我估计下周二之前就读完这本书。

2. 带疑问词的不定式作宾语相当于wh-引导的宾语从句。

I don't know what to do .

=I don't know what I should do .

我不知道该做什么。

I wonder when to leave .

= I wonder when I should leave .

我不知道该何时动身。

Please tell me which to take .

=Please tell me which I should take .

请告诉我我该拿哪一个。

I showed them how to do it.

I showed them how they should do it.

我给他们演示了他们该如何做。

The question of what to sell is still undecided.

The question of what we should sell is still undecided.

我们该卖什么的问题还没有决定。

3. 不定式作定语相当于定语从句。

He has a large family to support .

= he has a large family that he must support .

他有个大家庭要养活。

George is the man to vote for .

= George is the man for whom we should vote .

乔治就是那个我们应投其票的人。

There are many difficulties to overcome .

=There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome .

有很多需要克服的困难。

The place to go is Brown's.

=The place where you should go is Brown's.

你应该去的地方是布朗家。

The way to start it is to give it a push.

The way you should start it is to give it a push.

开始此事的办法是推一下。

4. 不定式作原因、目的、结果状语，相当于because, so that, so ... that, such ... that等引导的状语从句。

George was lucky to find it .

= George was lucky because he found it .

乔治很幸运找到了它。

She stood up to be seen better .

= She stood up so that people could see her better .

她站起来以便人们更好地看见她。

He was in such bad health as to be obliged to resign .

=He was in such had health that he was obliged to resign .

他身体很差以至于不得不辞职了。

To hear him speak, you would think he owned the whole world.

If you should hear him speak,you would think he owned The whole world.

若是听他讲话，你会以为他拥有着整个世界。

阶段练习

1. That is the only way we can imagine _______ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.

A. reducing

B. to reduce

C. reduced

D. reduce

2. David threatened _______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.

A. to be reported

B. reporting

C. to report

D. having reported

3. _______as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.

A. To accept

B. Having accepted

C. To be accepted

D. Accepting

4. If there's a lot of work _______ , I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.

A. to do

B. to be doing

C. done

D. doing

5. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _______ their homes.

A. leaving

B. to leave

C. to be left

D. being left

6. There is nothing more I can try _______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.

A. being persuaded

B. persuading

C. to be persuaded

D. to persuade

7. _______ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system thoroughly.

A. To ensure

B. Ensuring

C. Having ensured

D. To have ensured

8. Energy drinks are not allowed _______ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.

A. to make

B. to be made

C. to have been made

D. to be making

9. The mother felt herself _______ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.

A. grow

B. grown

C. to grow

D. to have grown

10. _______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.

A. Improving

B. To improve

C. Having improved

D. Improved

11. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _______ new policies according to WTO requirements.

A. forming

B. to form

C. to be forming

D. have formed

12. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars.

A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have

13. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _______?

A. to be buying

B. to buy

C. for buying

D. bought

14. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A. causing

B. being caused

C. to be caused

D. be have caused

15. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _______ clear warnings before firing any shots.

A. to issue

B. being issued

C. to have issued

D. to be issued

16. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______.

A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving

D. when; improving

17. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _______ in making the earth a better place to live.

A. to have played

B. to play

C. to be played

D. to be playing

18. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive.

A. to make

B. making

C. to have made

D. having made

19. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I'd like _______ but I'm too busy.

A. so

B. that

C. to come

D. to

20. Don't try to tell lies to your class teacher about that. He seems _______ everything.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. to be telling

D. to have been told

21. In order to improve English, _______.

A. Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes

B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself

C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny

D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father

22. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit

B. admitted

C. admitting

D. to admit

23. They're not very good, but we like _______.

A. anyway to play basketball with them

B. to play basketball with them anyway

C. to play with them basketball anyway

D. with them to play basketball anyway

24. Someone took away my umbrella; I'd never expect it _______.

A. returning

B. to be returned

C. return

D. to return

25. Wet umbrellas are not allowed _______ into this hotel.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. taken

D. taking

26. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all, _______.

A. I've no time

B. I'd rather not

C. I'd like it

D. I'd be happy to.

27. —Does your brother intend to study German?

—Yes, he intends _______.

A. /

B. to

C. so

D. that

28. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant _______ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.

A. to do

B. to

C. doing

D. doing so

29. There are so many things in my bag that it took me quite some time _______ the key.

A. finding

B. find

C. found

D. to find

30. For centuries, people from all over the world have claimed _______ strange sights: lights in the sky, flying objects and even creatures from other planets.

A. to have seen

B. having seen

C. to see

D. seeing

不定式阶段练习——参考答案与解析

 

1. B. 　不定式作定语，we can imagine是插入中间的定语从句。本句意为“那是唯一我们能设想的减少学生浴室滥用水的方法”。

2. C. 　threaten to do sth.意为“威胁要做某事”。本题意为“戴维威胁如果损坏得不到赔偿的话，他要向警察告发他的邻居。”

3. C. 　不定式表示目的，而且与主语构成被动关系。本句意为“为了成为奥林匹克赛事项目，一项运动至少在四大洲里有至少75个国家参加。”

4. A. 　不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成被动关系时，在there be句型中常常用主动形式表示被动意义。本句意为“如果有很多工作要做，我很乐于坚持下去直到完成。”

5. B. 　本题句子的谓语是force sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式。

6. D. 　本句中所含的定语从句的谓语是 try nothing to persuade you to stay结构。本题句意为“我无法说服你留下来，因此我希望你好运。”

7. A. 　作目的状语总是用不定式。本题意为“为了确保煤气安全，政府已经彻底检查了城市的燃气供应系统。”

8. B. 　本题句子的谓语是被动语态形式allow sth. to be done。本题句意为“能量饮料在澳大利亚不被允许制作，但是可以从新西兰进口。”

9. A. 　本题句子的谓语是feel oneself do sth.结构。本句意为“读完来自战场的信，妈妈觉得发冷，手也颤抖起来。”

10. B. 　本句用不定式表示目的状语。本句意为“为了改善雇员的工作效率，主管会允许雇员享有一次间休。”

11. B. 　本题句子谓语是promise to do sth. and to do sth.结构，宾语是并列不定式。本句意为“根据世贸组织要求，中国已经承诺修订现行法规并拟订新政策。”

12. C. 　本题是含有不定式作目的状语的句子。本题句意为“令人不可思议，粉丝们在体操馆外等了三小时仅仅为了看一眼体育明星们。”

13. B. 　have及there be作“有”讲时，其句型中不定式作定语一般用主动形式表示被动意义。本句意为“你有什么东西要买吗？”

14. C. 　本句意为“据信流感是由喜欢在人的鼻腔和喉咙内繁殖的病毒引起的。”根据句意，应使用不定式的被动语态形式。

15. A. 　本题中，that引导的宾语从句谓语是be ordered to do sth.。本句意为“军队发言人强调，所有士兵都被要求在开枪前先要清楚地发布警告。”因此选择A。

16. A. 　前者是that引导同位语从句，对new problem进行解释说明。后者是sth. need to be done,意为“某事需要被做”。

17. B. 　that从句谓语是have sth. to do结构，这里的不定式作定语，且主动表示被动。 本题意为“她将告诉我们，为什么她如此强烈地认为为使地球变得更适宜居住，我们每个人都有要扮演的角色（都起着作用）”。

18. A. 　本题句子谓语是strive to do sth.结构。本句意为“为了在国际市场获得更大的份额，很多国营企业都在努力使它们的产品更具有竞争性。”

19. D. 　but表示转折，使句子保持意义平衡。本句意为“我很想来，但是我太忙了。”

20. D. 　seem后接的不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，而且与主语he成被动关系，因此选择不定式完成时的被动式to have been told。

21. B. 　作状语的不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，根据本题，提高英语的人只能是Jenny本人，因此选B。本句意为“为了提高英语水平，珍妮为自己买了很多录音带。”

22. A. 　could do nothing but do sth. = have to do sth.意为“不得不做某事”，but意为“除了”，作为介词时but前面如果有行为动词do，　but后面接的不定式要省去to。

23. B. 　本题含有like to do sth.与play sth. with sb.两个动词短语结构。本题意为“尽管他们不出色，但是我们仍然喜欢和他们一起打篮球。”

24. B. 　不定式作宾语补足语，与宾语成被动关系，即expect sth. to be done意为“指望/期待某事被做”。本题意为“有人拿走了我的雨伞，我也从来没有指望它被归还。”

25. A. 　本题意为“湿雨伞不被允许带入这个宾馆”。根据题意，本句谓语应用被动语态形式allow sth. to be done。

26. D. 　I'd be happy to = I'd like to.是句子I'd be happy to look after your cat省略了不定式的形式。

27. B. 　答句是he intends to study German的不定式省略形式。为了避免重复，动词plan, mean, wish, hope, intend, would like, like等动词后接不定式总是用省略形式。

28. B. 　本题是mean to thank her的不定式省略形式。进一步解释参见第27题。本句意为“我本打算要感谢她的，可是当我要离开时，哪里也找不到她了。”

29. D. 　that从句的谓语是take sb. some time to do sth.结构。it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。

30. A. 　本题意为“几个世纪以来，来自世界各地的人们都已声称曾经看见过奇怪的现象：天空中的光、飞行物、甚至来自其他行星的动物。”根据句意，本句谓语结构应该用不定式的完成时claim to have done sth.意为“声称曾经做过某事”。