医学英语：照顾癌症患者中的诊断问题

Diagnostic problems during continuing care of the patient with cancer. The physician who undertakes the continuing care of a patient with cancer must be vigilant in promptly identifying complications arising from the progression of tumor and in detecting curable intercurrent illness that may be mistaken for manifestations of cancer itself. The patient with a known tumor who develops anorexia, weight loss, and jaundice may have cholecystitis and biliary obstruction rather than metastatic cancer and may die from that disorder unless the correct diagnosis is established.

继续照顾癌症患者时的诊断问题。继续照顾癌症患者的医生一定要警惕，应立即诊断出肿瘤发展过程中的并发症，并鉴别出可治愈的间发疾病，以免将其误诊为癌症的临床症状。已明确诊断出肿瘤的病人若出现厌食、体重减轻和黄疸有胆囊炎以及胆道阻塞的症状而不是出现转移癌，那么他可能会由于功能紊乱而死亡，除非有正确的诊断。

Furthermore, some potentially treatable conditions are actually caused by the cancer therapy—postoperative adhesions or radiation-induced strictures leading to bowel obstruction or chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression leading to an opportunistic fungal infection. Certain drugs may even produce complications that simulate paraneoplastic syndromes, such as inappropriate secretion of ADH, neuromyopathy, or cerebellar degeneration. Although errors in diagnosis of intercurrent medical and surgical illness sometimes seem almost inevitable, the best way to minimize these problems is to assume that each new condition is due to a nonmalignant process, until it is proven otherwise. First recurrences of cancer must always be confirmed by biopsy because of their profound implications.

此外，一些潜在的治疗条件实际上是因为癌症治疗造成的--术后黏连或辐射诱导狭窄导致肠梗塞或者化疗诱导的免疫控制导致真菌乘机感染。有些药物甚至会导致并发症，看起来像副肿瘤并发症，比如ADH的不当分泌、神经肌病或小脑退化。虽然间发的医疗和外科疾病有时似乎难以避免会出现误诊，但是把这些问题降到最低的方法是假定每种新情况的出现都是一个良性过程，直到事实证明并非如此。癌症的首次复发必须通过活检确诊，因为那可能暗含着深厚的含义。

1.arise from 由...引起

例句：The higher-order terms arise from nonlinearities and cross-axis sensitivity.

高次项是由外线性和轴间耦合灵敏度所产生的。

2.be mistaken for 被误认为，被误解为

例句：They live on the ground and have legs that could be mistaken for those of a small dinosaur.

鹌鹑在陆地上生活，所下的蛋很可能被误认为是小型恐龙的蛋。

3.rather than 不是，而不是

例句：he Undo function has failed him by behaving literally rather than practically.

撤销功能的失败在于，它行为精确，但并不实用。

4.due to 由于，因为

例句：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.

在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。